|  |  | 1.a. Advantages of Topic-Oriented DirectoriesThere are two major advantages of
    topic-oriented directories. First of all they rely on a logical organization of
    information. Unlike encyclopedias and other reference books that organize information in
    alphabetical order, topic directories are organized by subject and topic. Therefore the
    information (rather than spelling) becomes the navigator. Another benefit of this
    information-based organization is that cross-references tend to exist, linking different
    paths of research together.  The second advantage lies in the final
    page that that was generated by our search for Monarch Butterflies. That final list of web pages will be a short and
    concentrated list of resources, concentrated in that they will all be about butterflies
    and moths. If you have used a search engine before, you know that a search of butterflies
    will produce a very large list of resources, only some of which are actually about
    butterflies. For instance a search of HotBot generates a list of 60,059 pages. Within the
    first ten is a site advertising live butterflies for release at weddings. By contrast,
    Yahoo produced a list of only 30 sites, each one about butterflies. |